The effect of short-term dietary supplementation with glucos

[Weib]

The effect of short-term dietary supplementation with glucose on gastric emptying in humans

Background: Dietary interventions represent a promising therapeutic strategy to optimize postprandial glycemia. The addition of protein to oral glucose has been reported to improve the glycemic profile.

Objective: The aim of the current study was to evaluate the mechanisms by which protein supplementation lowers the blood glucose response to oral glucose.

Design: Nine healthy men were studied on 3 d each in a random order. Subjects consumed 300-mL drinks containing either 50 g glucose (Glucose), 30 g gelatin (Protein), or 50 g glucose with 30 g gelatin (Glucose + Protein) in water labeled with 150 mg [13C]acetate. Blood and breath samples were subsequently collected for 3 h to measure blood glucose and plasma insulin, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) concentrations and gastric half-emptying time, which was calculated from 13CO2 excretion.

Results: The blood glucose response was less after Glucose + Protein than after Glucose (P < 0.005); GIP was lower (P < 0.005), and there were no significant differences in plasma insulin or GLP-1. Protein alone stimulated insulin, GLP-1, and GIP (P < 0.05 for each) without elevating blood glucose. The gastric half-emptying time was greater after Glucose + Protein than after Glucose (P < 0.05) and tended to be greater for Glucose than for Protein (P = 0.06).

Conclusions: In healthy humans, the addition of protein to oral glucose lowers postprandial blood glucose concentrations acutely, predominantly by slowing gastric emptying, although protein also stimulates incretin hormones and non-glucose-dependent insulin release.

Key Words: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide • glucagon-like peptide 1 • breath test

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